Plain English translations of everything confusing at COP31
28 terms
Conference of the Parties
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
Nationally Determined Contribution
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Green Climate Fund
Measurement, Reporting and Verification
The carbon markets rules
Loss and Damage
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation
Subsidiary Body
Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice
Subsidiary Body for Implementation
The 2015 global climate deal
Alliance of Small Island States
Group of 77 (+ China)
Multilateral Development Bank
National Adaptation Plan
Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (plastics treaty)
The global warming limit
Emissions in = emissions out
The unofficial COP programme
The official UN area
The civil society area
A country or organisation's COP space
The big formal sessions
Progress check on climate goals
Money for climate action
Fair shift away from fossil fuels
Sources
Last verified 23 October 2026